Columbia County Soil Data
Columbia County, Wisconsin
Avg pH
6.2
Texture
Fine sandy loam
Drainage
Well drained
Organic Matter
4.1%
Hydrologic Group
B
Data Story
About Soil in Columbia County, Wisconsin
Columbia's Premier Alfisol Landscape
Dominant Alfisol soils define Columbia County, featuring an average pH of 6.17 which is much closer to the 6.5 national median than most Wisconsin counties. The fine sandy loam texture provides a high-quality foundation for diverse agriculture. These soils are naturally productive and maintain a more neutral balance than neighboring northern counties.
Sandy Loam for Perfect Workability
A composition of 46.9% sand, 35.0% silt, and 12.5% clay creates a textbook fine sandy loam. This mixture allows for excellent drainage and prevents the soil from becoming sticky or unworkable when wet. It is a favorite among gardeners for its easy-to-dig nature and reliable structure.
Consistent Yields with Moderate Matter
Organic matter sits at 4.14%, doubling the national average but falling short of the 11.02% state average. The available water capacity of 0.177 in/in is slightly lower than the state's 0.204 benchmark. Growers here benefit from the soil's structure but should consider adding compost to boost water retention.
Well Drained and Ready for Building
Classified as well-drained and belonging to hydrologic group B, these soils move water at a moderate rate. This makes the county excellent for both residential construction and intensive farming without the risk of frequent standing water. The natural drainage reduces the need for complex tiling systems in many areas.
Diversified Growing in Zone 5a
The warmer 5a hardiness zone allows Columbia County residents to grow sweet corn, tomatoes, and apples with ease. The well-drained sandy loam is particularly suited for root crops like carrots that require loose soil to grow straight. It is a fantastic environment for anyone looking to establish a permanent backyard garden.
Soil Composition
Soil pH
Soil Series
Detailed soil series data not yet available for this county.
Hydrologic Group
Group B — Moderate Runoff
Moderately deep, moderately well-drained soils with moderate infiltration rates. Good balance of drainage and water retention.
Drainage Class
Well drained
Water is removed from the soil readily but not rapidly. Optimal for most plants and construction.
Soil Profile
Dominant texture: Fine sandy loam
Typical soil profile. Actual depths vary by location.
USDA Soil Orders
Frequently Asked Questions
What type of soil does Columbia County have?
Columbia County's soil is classified as Fine sandy loam. This indicates the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay — 47% sand, 35% silt, and 13% clay. Loamy soils hold moisture well and support a wide range of plants.
Is Columbia County's soil acidic or alkaline?
Columbia County's soil has a pH of 6.2, which is moderately acidic. This range suits many crops and is common across much of the eastern US.
What is the drainage class for Columbia County?
Columbia County has a dominant drainage class of "Well drained." Well-drained soils allow excess water to move through quickly, reducing waterlogging risk and supporting most field and garden crops.
What crops or plants grow well in Columbia County's soil?
Based on Columbia County's Fine sandy loam texture, pH of 6.2, and Well drained, the soil is well suited for vegetables, grains, and most field crops, row crops and vegetable gardens, most annual and perennial crops.
What USDA soil order is found in Columbia County?
Columbia County's dominant soil order is Alfisols. Alfisols are moderate to high base-status soils with a clay-enriched subsoil. They support productive forests and cropland across temperate regions.
Planning your lawn? View lawn care data for Columbia County on LawnByCounty.com →
Other Counties in Wisconsin
Soil data sourced from USDA SSURGO via Soil Data Access. Data is informational only and should not be used as a substitute for on-site soil testing. Contact your local NRCS office for site-specific soil information.