Jefferson County Soil Data
Jefferson County, Wisconsin
USDA SSURGO / PHZMAvg pH
6.3
Texture
Sandy loam
Drainage
Well drained
Organic Matter
5.9%
Hydrologic Group
A
Data Story
About Soil in Jefferson County, Wisconsin
Prime Mollisols for Peak Production
Jefferson County features Mollisols, the gold standard of agricultural soils, with an average pH of 6.32. This pH is very close to the national median of 6.5 and much higher than the Wisconsin state average of 5.63. These soils are naturally dark, fertile, and highly sought after by growers.
The Ideal Sandy Loam Mix
A dominant texture of sandy loam is created by a balanced blend of 37.9% sand, 40.0% silt, and 14.4% clay. This specific ratio provides the perfect compromise between drainage and nutrient retention. It is easy to till in the spring and resists the clodding found in heavier soils.
High Productivity and Water Storage
Available water capacity is 0.205 in/in, slightly exceeding the state average of 0.204. While the 5.92% organic matter is lower than the state's 11.02%, it remains nearly triple the national average of 2.0%. This profile indicates a highly productive soil capable of supporting intensive agriculture.
Superior Drainage for Healthier Roots
The soil is classified as well-drained and belongs to Hydrologic Group A, indicating high infiltration and low runoff potential. This makes the land exceptionally stable for building foundations and minimizes erosion during heavy rains. It is an ideal setup for deep-rooted crops and ornamental gardens.
Unmatched Potential in Zone 5b
The county's impressive soil score of 83.0 far exceeds the state average of 68.2, making it a premier gardening location. In Zone 5b, you can successfully grow everything from sweet corn to vibrant summer flowers. This high-quality soil is ready for whatever you choose to plant.
Soil Composition
Soil pH
Soil Series
Detailed soil series data not yet available for this county.
Hydrologic Group
Group A — Low Runoff
Sandy, well-drained soils with high infiltration rates. Water moves quickly through the soil profile. Lowest runoff potential when thoroughly wetted.
Drainage Class
Well drained
Water is removed from the soil readily but not rapidly. Optimal for most plants and construction.
Soil Profile
Dominant texture: Sandy loam
Typical soil profile. Actual depths vary by location.
USDA Soil Orders
Sandy Soil Detected
Sandy soils drain quickly and can dry out. These products boost water retention and organic matter.
Browse Soil AmendmentsFrequently Asked Questions
What type of soil does Jefferson County have?
Jefferson County's soil is classified as Sandy loam. This indicates the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay — 38% sand, 40% silt, and 14% clay. Loamy soils hold moisture well and support a wide range of plants.
Is Jefferson County's soil acidic or alkaline?
Jefferson County's soil has a pH of 6.3, which is moderately acidic. This range suits many crops and is common across much of the eastern US.
What is the drainage class for Jefferson County?
Jefferson County has a dominant drainage class of "Well drained." Well-drained soils allow excess water to move through quickly, reducing waterlogging risk and supporting most field and garden crops.
What crops or plants grow well in Jefferson County's soil?
Based on Jefferson County's Sandy loam texture, pH of 6.3, and Well drained, the soil is well suited for vegetables, grains, and most field crops, row crops and vegetable gardens, most annual and perennial crops.
What USDA soil order is found in Jefferson County?
Jefferson County's dominant soil order is Mollisols. Mollisols are fertile, dark-colored soils that formed under grassland vegetation. They are among the most productive agricultural soils in the world.
Soil & Planting Advisory: Jefferson County
Soil Verdict
Jefferson County is in USDA hardiness zone 5b, a cold climate zone. where winter lows can reach -15°F. Freeze-thaw cycles are moderate; soil biology slows in winter but recovers reliably in spring, supporting a broad range of plants.
Planting Guidance
A wide plant palette is possible: deciduous trees, most shrubs, cool-season vegetables, and many perennials thrive here. Winter protection (mulch, burlap wraps) helps push the zone boundary for desired species. Always match plant selections to the specific microclimate of your property — low spots, slopes, and wind exposure can shift effective hardiness by half a zone.
Soil Implications
Moderate freeze-thaw cycles naturally aerate the soil but can also cause compaction in clay-heavy areas; annual core aeration is beneficial. Organic matter amendments decompose at a moderate pace — aim for 3-5% organic content for optimal fertility. When soil temperatures drop below freezing, microbial nitrogen cycling stops; spring fertilization is more effective than late-fall application.
Regional Context
Jefferson County closely matches the Wisconsin average hardiness conditions. The zone range of 5a-5b within the county means soil and planting decisions should account for local elevation and topography.
Planning your lawn? View lawn care data for Jefferson County on LawnByCounty.com →
Other Counties in Wisconsin
Soil data sourced from USDA SSURGO via Soil Data Access. Data is informational only and should not be used as a substitute for on-site soil testing. Contact your local NRCS office for site-specific soil information.