Tompkins County Soil Data
Tompkins County, New York
USDA SSURGO / PHZMAvg pH
6.0
Texture
Silt Loam
Drainage
N/A
Organic Matter
7.5%
Hydrologic Group
N/A
Data Story
About Soil in Tompkins County, New York
High-Quality Soils Near Cayuga Lake
Tompkins County features an average pH of 6.03, one of the closest in the state to the national median of 6.5. This relatively neutral profile contributes to a strong soil score of 67.1. It is significantly less acidic than the state average of 5.11, benefiting local gardeners.
The Silt Capital of the Finger Lakes
At 50.4% silt, Tompkins has a very fine-textured soil, supported by 29.0% sand and 18.4% clay. This high silt content makes the soil extremely workable and excellent for retaining nutrients. It provides a stable, fertile environment that resists the extremes of heavy clay or light sand.
Lean Organic Matter with Stable Water Capacity
Organic matter content is 7.49%, which is lower than the state average of 17.01% but still well above the national 2.0%. The available water capacity is 0.175 in/in, trailing just behind the state benchmark of 0.182 in/in. These figures indicate a soil that is efficient but may benefit from additional composting.
Managing Silt for Optimal Flow
While drainage class data is missing, the 50.4% silt content typically provides good moisture retention but can be prone to surface crusting. Careful management of soil cover is important to maintain healthy water movement. This soil type generally supports the diverse agriculture found throughout the county.
Abundant Growth in Zone 5b
USDA Zone 5b is perfect for a wide range of vegetables and hardy fruit like apples and pears. The neutral pH of 6.03 is a major asset, reducing the need for lime in most garden applications. It’s an inviting environment for any aspiring gardener to begin their journey.
Soil Composition
Soil pH
Soil Series
Detailed soil series data not yet available for this county.
Hydrologic Group
Hydrologic group data not available.
Drainage Class
Drainage class data not available.
Soil Profile
Dominant texture: Silt Loam
Typical soil profile. Actual depths vary by location.
USDA Soil Orders
Soil Amendment Products
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Browse Soil AmendmentsFrequently Asked Questions
What type of soil does Tompkins County have?
Tompkins County's soil is classified as Silt Loam. This indicates the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay — 29% sand, 50% silt, and 18% clay. Loamy soils hold moisture well and support a wide range of plants.
Is Tompkins County's soil acidic or alkaline?
Tompkins County's soil has a pH of 6.0, which is moderately acidic. This range suits many crops and is common across much of the eastern US.
What is the drainage class for Tompkins County?
Drainage class data is not currently available for Tompkins County.
What crops or plants grow well in Tompkins County's soil?
Based on Tompkins County's Silt Loam texture, pH of 6.0, and drainage class, the soil is well suited for vegetables, grains, and most field crops, row crops and vegetable gardens.
What USDA soil order is found in Tompkins County?
The dominant USDA soil order for Tompkins County is not currently available in our dataset.
Soil & Planting Advisory: Tompkins County
Soil Verdict
Tompkins County is in USDA hardiness zone 5b, a cold climate zone. where winter lows can reach -15°F. Freeze-thaw cycles are moderate; soil biology slows in winter but recovers reliably in spring, supporting a broad range of plants.
Planting Guidance
A wide plant palette is possible: deciduous trees, most shrubs, cool-season vegetables, and many perennials thrive here. Winter protection (mulch, burlap wraps) helps push the zone boundary for desired species. Always match plant selections to the specific microclimate of your property — low spots, slopes, and wind exposure can shift effective hardiness by half a zone.
Soil Implications
Moderate freeze-thaw cycles naturally aerate the soil but can also cause compaction in clay-heavy areas; annual core aeration is beneficial. Organic matter amendments decompose at a moderate pace — aim for 3-5% organic content for optimal fertility. When soil temperatures drop below freezing, microbial nitrogen cycling stops; spring fertilization is more effective than late-fall application.
Regional Context
Tompkins County is somewhat cooler than the New York statewide average. The zone range of 5b-6a within the county means soil and planting decisions should account for local elevation and topography.
Planning your lawn? View lawn care data for Tompkins County on LawnByCounty.com →
Other Counties in New York
Soil data sourced from USDA SSURGO via Soil Data Access. Data is informational only and should not be used as a substitute for on-site soil testing. Contact your local NRCS office for site-specific soil information.